Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus
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https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5334-7333
Abstract
Antidiabetic agents with lipid-modulating effects, such as metformin, GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonists, and SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2) inhibitors, which are able to induce EAT regression, may be particularly effective in treating cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes and obesity. The direct effects of GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2i on HFpEF are currently in clinical trials. GLP-1 has long been recognized as a potent stimulator of insulin secretion and a key regulator of energy homeostasis. Over time, the list of physiological functions mediated by GLP-1 has expanded dramatically. The actions of GLP-1 to potentiate glucose-dependent insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon secretion in islet cells, minimizing hypoglycemia, have stimulated the development of GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of T2DM. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are peptide-based drugs used to lower blood glucose and body weight in people with T2DM and obesity. The demonstration that some GLP-1RAs reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events has increased interest in understanding GLP-1R-dependent mechanisms of action in the cardiovascular system. The beneficial effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on the cardiovascular system have been convincingly demonstrated in numerous large-scale studies. Safety studies of GLP-1RAs for cardiovascular disease have demonstrated reductions in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as lower rates of major cardiovascular events, including stroke and myocardial infarction. The safety profile appears favorable.
Thus, GLP-1RAs promote weight loss and improve symptoms associated with HFpEF, quality of life, and exercise capacity in patients.
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References
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